Since their first observation in 1971, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been widely recognized as the most important eruptive phenomena in the solar system and the primary cause of hazardous space weather events. Whether similar processes—stellar mass ejections (SMEs)—also occur on other stars has great potential for deepening our understanding of stellar activity and providing new clues in the search for extraterrestrial life. However, the detection of SMEs still faces major challenges, especially in establishing reliable observational methods and diagnostic techniques.

In this work, we use ultraviolet spectroscopic data obtained in 2012 by the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), focusing mainly on three spectral lines, Fe XI 18.04 nm, Fe XII 19.51 nm, and Fe XV 28.42 nm, to investigate the Doppler signatures of CMEs when the Sun is treated as a star. The resulting dataset consists of eight files. The dataset primarily includes PowerPoint files showing the temporal evolution of irradiances and Doppler velocities during 26 fast CMEs, PowerPoint files showing the temporal evolution of irradiances and Doppler velocities during 14 confined and pseudo-confined flares, as well as the temperature response curves of 13 spectral lines observed by the MEGS-A channel of the EVE instrument onboard SDO. Files 4–8 correspond to the six animated displays of Figures 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the paper. For the detailed contents of each dataset file, please refer to the README file.