1. Point Source Catalog (PSC)
a. Column Descriptions
The following table contains brief descriptions of the parameters provided for each source in the 2MASS All Sky Release PSC. The table is organized according to the broad function and utility of the parameters: positional information, photometric information, and source quality information. For PSC flag parameters, the meaning of each possible flag value is given, along with some practical information on their usage.
The columns in the following table are:
- Column Name: The parameter name in the PSC table. Click on this to go to the section of the Explanatory Supplement where the derivation and/or usage of that parameter is described in more detail.
- Format: The ascii-equivalent format of the field in the PSC, expressed in "C" readable notation. This is useful when parsing the aligned tabular output from IRSA/GATOR. Although the data values will conform to these formats, the actual width of the field in the GATOR output may be padded with extra blank spaces to accommodate column headers. Note that some fields containnull values that will require special handling when parsing PSC tables drawn from either IRSA/GATOR output or the ascii DVD or ftp versions.
- Units: The units of the parameter. A value of "---" in this column means that the parameter is dimensionless.
- nulls: A "yes" in this column means that this parameter can be null in the PSC. A "no" means that there will always be a value in this column in the PSC. Note that null values are represented differently in the IRSA/GATOR output and the ascii DVD or ftp versions of the PSC.
- Description: A brief description of the parameter and its values.
Column Name | Format | Units | nulls | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary Positional Information | ||||||
ra | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 right ascension with respect to the ICRS | ||
dec/decl | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 declination with respect to the ICRS | ||
err_maj | %4.2f | arcsec | no | Semi-major axis length of the one sigma position uncertainty ellipse | ||
err_min | %4.2f | arcsec | no | Semi-minor axis length of the one sigma position uncertainty ellipse | ||
err_ang | %3d | deg | no | Position angle on the sky of the semi-major axis of the position uncertainty ellipse (East of North) | ||
designation | %17s | --- | no | Sexagesimal, equatorial position-based source name in the form: hhmmssss+ddmmsss[ABC...]. The full naming convention for 2MASS All-Sky Release PSC sources has the form "2MASS Jhhmmssss+ddmmsss[ABC...]", where "2MASS" indicates that the source is from the All-Sky PSC, "J" indicates the position is J2000, and the optional trailing letters are used to distinguish sources with otherwise duplicate names. The "2MASS J" prefix is not listed explicitly in the designation column. | ||
Primary Photometric Information | ||||||
<="" a="">j_m | %6.3f | mag | yes | Default J-band magnitude, or if the source is not detected in the J-band, the 95% confidence upper limit derived from a 4" radius aperture measurement taken at the position of the source on the Atlas Image. The origin of the default magnitude is given by the first character of the rd_flg value (rd_flg[1]). This column is null if the source is nominally detected in the J-band, but no useful brightness estimate could be made (rd_flg[1]="9"). | ||
<="" a="">j_cmsig | %5.3f | mag | yes | Corrected photometric uncertainty for the default J-band magnitude. If rd_flg[1]="2", this is the measurement error from the profile-fitting procedure,corrected to be consistent with observed repeatability statistics. If rd_flg[1]="1" or "4", this is the RMS of the brightness measured in aperture photometry on the individual frames. If rd_flg="3", the uncertainty is derived from the residuals to the 1-d radial profile fit to the unsaturated wings of the bright star. Ifj_cmsig > 8.0, it is a flag value indicating that a meaningful uncertainty could not be determined for the source. This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (rd_flg[1]="0" or "6") or if the source is not measurable (rd_flg[1]="9"). | ||
<="" a="">j_msigcom | %5.3f | mag | yes |
Combined, or total photometric uncertainty for the default J-band magnitude. The combined uncertainty is derived from the following relation: where
j_cmsig = Corrected J-band photometric uncertainty This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the J-band). |
||
j_snr | %10.1f | mag | yes | J-band "scan" signal-to-noise ratio. This value is given by the ratio of the J-band flux to the characteristic J-band scan noise. The scan noise is the mode of the distribution of flux uncertainties for all point source measurements in a specific 2MASS scan, and is tabulated in the Scan Information Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE). j_snr values are capped at 10000000.0. This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the J-band). | ||
<="" a="">h_m | %6.3f | mag | yes | Default H-band magnitude, or if the source is not detected in the H-band, the 95% confidence upper limit derived from a 4" radius aperture measurement taken at the position of the source on the Atlas Image. The origin of the default magnitude is given by the second character of the rd_flg value (rd_flg[2]). This column is null if the source is nominally detected in the H-band, but no useful brightness estimate could be made (rd_flg[2]="9"). | ||
<="" a="">h_cmsig | %5.3f | mag | yes | Corrected photometric uncertainty for the default H-band magnitude. If rd_flg[2]="2", this is the measurement error from the profile-fitting procedure,corrected to be consistent with observed repeatability statistics. If rd_flg[2]="1" or "4", this is the RMS of the brightness measured in aperture photometry on the individual frames. If rd_flg="3", the uncertainty is derived from the residuals to the 1-d radial profile fit to the unsaturated wings of the bright star. Ifh_cmsig > 8.0, it is a flag value indicating that a meaningful uncertainty could not be determined for the source. This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (rd_flg[2]="0" or "6") or if the source is not measurable (rd_flg[2]="9"). | ||
<="" a="">h_msigcom | %5.3f | mag | yes |
Combined, or total photometric uncertainty for the default H-band magnitude. The combined uncertainty is derived from the following relation: where
h_cmsig = Corrected H-band photometric uncertainty This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the H-band). |
||
h_snr | %10.1f | mag | yes | H-band "scan" signal-to-noise ratio. This value is given by the ratio of the H-band flux to the characteristic H-band scan noise. The scan noise is the mode of the distribution of flux uncertainties for all point source measurements in a specific 2MASS scan, and is tabulated in the Scan Information Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE). h_snr values are capped at 10000000.0. This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the H-band). | ||
<="" a="">k_m | %6.3f | mag | yes | Default Ks-band magnitude, or if the source is not detected in the Ks-band, the 95% confidence upper limit derived from a 4" radius aperture measurement taken at the position of the source on the Atlas Image. The origin of the default magnitude is given by the third character of the rd_flg value (rd_flg[3]). This column is null if the source is nominally detected in the Ks-band, but no useful brightness estimate could be made (rd_flg[3]="9"). | ||
<="" a="">k_cmsig | %5.3f | mag | yes | Corrected photometric uncertainty for the default Ks-band magnitude. If rd_flg[3]="2", this is the measurement error from the profile-fitting procedure,corrected to be consistent with observed repeatability statistics. If rd_flg[3]="1" or "4", this is the RMS of the brightness measured in aperture photometry on the individual frames. If rd_flg="3", the uncertainty is derived from the residuals to the 1-d radial profile fit to the unsaturated wings of the bright star. Ifk_cmsig > 8.0, it is a flag value indicating that a meaningful uncertainty could not be determined for the source. This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (rd_flg[3]="0" or "6") or if the source is not measurable (rd_flg[3]="9"). | ||
<="" a="">k_msigcom | %5.3f | mag | yes |
Combined, or total photometric uncertainty for the default Ks-band magnitude. The combined uncertainty is derived from the following relation: where
k_cmsig = Corrected Ks-band photometric uncertainty This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the Ks-band). |
||
k_snr | %10.1f | mag | yes | Ks-band "scan" signal-to-noise ratio. This value is given by the ratio of the Ks-band flux to the characteristic Ks-band scan noise. The scan noise is the mode of the distribution of flux uncertainties for all point source measurements in a specific 2MASS scan, and is tabulated in the Scan Information Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE). k_snr values are capped at 10000000.0. This column is null if the default magnitude is a 95% confidence upper limit (i.e. the source is not detected, or inconsistently deblended in the Ks-band). | ||
Primary Source Quality Information | ||||||
ph_qual | %3s | --- | no |
Photometric quality flag. Three character flag, one character per band [JHKs], that provides a summary of the net quality of the default photometry in each band, as derived from the Read Flag (rd_flg), measurement uncertainties ([jhk]_cmsig), scan signal-to-noise ratios ([jhk]_snr), frame-detection statistics (ndet), and profile-fit reduced chi-squared values ([jhk]_psfchi). The value for ph_qual is set for a band according to the precedence of the table below. For example, a source that is tested and meets the conditions for category "X" is not tested for subsequent qualities.
|
||
rd_flg | %3s | --- | no |
Read flag. Three character flag, one character per band [JHKs], that indicates the origin of the default magnitudes and uncertainties in each band (j_m,h_m,k_m, j_cmsig, h_cmsig, k_cmsig). Rd_flg values of "1", "2" or "3" generally indicate the best quality detections, photometry and astrometry (although other quality flags must be considered). Values of "0", "4", "6" and "9" in a band indicate either non-detections, or generally poor quality photometry and positions. The definitions of the rd_flg values are:
|
||
bl_flg | %3s | --- | no |
Blend flag. Three character flag, one character per band [JHKs], that indicates the number of components that were fit simultaneously when estimating the brightness of a source:
|
||
cc_flg | %3s | --- | no |
Contamination and confusion flag. Three character flag, one character per band [JHKs], that indicates that the photometry and/or position measurements of a source may be contaminated or biased due to proximity to an image artifact or nearby source of equal or greater brightness. The cc_flg in each band is set in hierarchical order according to the following table, in the event a source is affected by more than one artifact or condition:
Non-zero values the cc_flg in any band is an indicator that the measurements of that source may be contaminated. |
||
ndet | %6s | --- | no |
Frame detection statistics. A six-character flag, two characters per band [JJHHKsKs], that indicates the number frames on which a source was detected, N, and the number of frames on which the source could have been measured, M. The first digit in the pair for each band, N, gives the number of frames on which there were >3 sigma aperture photometry detections of the source. The second digit for each band, M, gives the number of frames on which aperture measurements were possible. Normally, M=6, (occasionally M=7 because the scanning step size was slightly less than 1/6 of the frame size). M can be <6 if frames are "lost" because: a) there were masked pixels within the source aperture due to cosmic ray detections, noisy pixels, meteor trails, etc, or b) there were saturated pixels within the source aperture. Values of M < 6 are not uncommon, but do indicate an effective loss of coverage and sensitivity for a source.
The values of N and M for a band always pertain to the aperture photometry on the 51 ms "Read_1" exposures if rd_flg="1", and to the aperture photometry on the 1.3 s "Read_2" exposures if rd_flg="2" or "4". Sources that are saturated on all of the Read_1 frames (rd_flg="3") have N=0 because no aperture photometry was possible. Sources with signal-to-noise ratios >8-9 should be detected on all available frames. Values of N < M for such sources are an indication of possible loss of measurement integrity. Values of N < M, or even N=0, are normal for fainter sources because they are too faint on individual frames to yield a >3 sigma detection. |
||
prox | %5.1f | arcsec | no | Proximity. The distance between this source and its nearest neighbor in the PSC. The pts_key of the nearest source is given in the pxcntr column. The effective resolution of the 2MASS system is approximately 5". Any source with prox < 6" is potentially confused with a nearby object, and should be used with caution. | ||
pxpa | %3d | deg | yes | The position angle on the sky of the vector from the source to the nearest neighbor in the PSC, in degrees East of North. This column in null if prox=0.0, which occurs only for confused sources or from errors in the bandmerge process caused by confusion. | ||
pxcntr | %10d | --- | no | The pts_key value of the nearest source in the PSC. | ||
gal_contam | %1d | --- | no |
Extended source "contamination" flag. A value of gal_contam="2" indicates that this point source falls within the elliptical boundary of an XSC source defined by the semi-major axis and ellipticity of the 20 mag arcsec-2 Ks-band elliptical isophote (r_k20fe) +10%, for XSC sources where r_k20fe is >10''. Sources so indicated are often foreground stars superimposed on background galaxies, or sometimes extractions of pieces of the galaxy or nebula. The point source photometry for these sources is probably contaminated by the surrounding structured extended emission. Point sources can still be superimposed on extended sources and remain unflagged if the XSC source shape is not well-described by an ellipse.
This flag also denotes (gal_contam="1") PSC sources that are equivalent to sources in the XSC, but only for XSC sources with r_k20fe is >10''. Since most XSC sources have semi-major axes <10'', gal_contam does not identify all PSC sources with exact XSC counterparts. Use the ext_key to identify all PSC sources that were found to be resolved relative to a single point-spread function..
|
||
mp_flg | %1d | --- | no |
Minor Planet Flag. Indicates if this source is associated with the predicted position of a known minor planet, comet, planet or planetary satellite. This association does not guarantee that the PSC source is a detection of the solar system object.
|
||
Additional Positional and Identification Information | ||||||
pts_key/cntr | %10d | --- | no | A unique identification number for the PSC source. This column is called pts_key in the DVD and ftp versions of the PSC and cntr in the IRSA/GATOR version. This sequential number was defined when source records from final data processing were loaded into the Point Source Working Database. Pts_key is incremented in order (or reverse order depending on the scan direction) of declination within a scan. For this reason, on average sources with close pts_keyvalues are close to each other on the sky, except at Tile boundaries. Pts_key ordering thus provides a useful mapping of the 2MASS release on storage media. PSC sources are cross-referenced in the XSC, Known Asteroid Detection List, Known Comet Detection List, and Planet and Planetary Satellite Detection List via the value of pts_key. | ||
hemis | %1s | --- | no |
Hemisphere code for the 2MASS Observatory from which this source was observed.
|
||
date | %10s | yyyy-mm-dd | no | The observation reference date for this source expressed in ISO standard format. This is the UT day value at sunrise for the night on which the source was observed. Because it is possible for the UT day to change during a night of observations, the actual UT date for a source measurement can differ from date by one day. Use the Julian Day value (jdate) for a more accurate determination of the observation time of the source. | ||
scan | %3d | --- | no | The nightly scan number in which the source was detected. | ||
glon | %7.3f | deg | no | Galactic longitude. Galactic coordinate for 2MASS source derived by precessing reconstructed ra and dec to B1950, and performing rotational transformation into lII, bII coordinate system. This coordinate should not be used as an astrometric reference because it has been rounded to 0.001 deg. | ||
glat | %7.3f | deg | no | Galactic latitude. Galactic coordinate for 2MASS source derived by precessing reconstructed ra and dec to B1950, and performing rotational transformation into lII, bII coordinate system. This coordinate should not be used as an astrometric reference because it has been rounded to 0.001 deg. | ||
x_scan | %6.1f | arcsec | no | Mean cross-scan focal plane position of the source in the Universal scan (U-scan) coordinate system. This is the approximate distance a source lies west or east of the focal plane centerline. Positive values of x_scan indicate that the source falls west of the centerline and negative values indicate the source is east of the centerline. The focal plane position is approximate because it is derived from the mean position of the source detected on up to seven different frames and three different bands. The U-scan coordinate system combines the pixels from the three arrays from each camera, and follows the near-great-circle path of the scan across the sky. The x_scan value is useful for identifying sources that may be caused or affected by hot pixel events. | ||
jdate | %12.4f | day | no | The Julian Date of the source measurement accurate to +30 seconds. This value is extrapolated from the start time of the Survey scan using the difference between the declinations of the source and the first row in the Tile divided by the scanning rate of the telescope (approximately 57"/sec). The scanning rate of the two 2MASS telescopes was slightly different because of the need to optimize the dithering of images on the arrays. | ||
Additional Photometric Information | ||||||
j_psfchi | %6.2f | --- | yes |
Reduced chi-squared goodness-of-fit value for the J-band profile-fit photometry made on the 1.3 s "Read_2" exposures. Unresolved sources that are well-fit by a single PSF should have j_psfchi~1.0. Values >2 indicate that the source was not well-fit by a single PSF and that the profile-fitting measurement may not accurately capture the flux of the object. This can occur if the source is resolved, part of a multiple star group, or is corrupted by a cosmic ray or hot pixel event.
The j_psfchi value is useful as an indicator of photometric quality only if rd_flg[1]="2" for the source, indicating that the default J magnitude (j_m) is from a profile-fitting measurement. A non-null value for j_psfchi may be listed for sources that have rd_flg[1]="1". However, these are the goodness-of-fits made on saturated star images on the "Read_2" exposures, and do not relate to the aperture photometry magnitude reported in j_m in these cases. This field is null for rd_flg[1]="0","3","4","6" or "9". |
||
h_psfchi | %6.2f | --- | yes |
Reduced chi-squared goodness-of-fit value for the H-band profile-fit photometry made on the 1.3 s "Read_2" exposures. Unresolved sources that are well-fit by a single PSF should have h_psfchi~1.0. Values >2 indicate that the source was not well-fit by a single PSF and that the profile-fitting measurement may not accurately capture the flux of the object. This can occur if the source is resolved, part of a multiple star group, or is corrupted by a cosmic ray or hot pixel event.
The h_psfchi value is useful as an indicator of photometric quality only if rd_flg[2]="2" for the source, indicating that the default H magnitude (h_m) is from a profile-fitting measurement. A non-null value for h_psfchi may be listed for sources that have rd_flg[2]="1". However, these are the goodness-of-fits made on saturated star images on the "Read_2" exposures, and do not relate to the aperture photometry magnitude reported in h_m in these cases. This field is null for rd_flg[2]="0","3","4","6" or "9". |
||
k_psfchi | %6.2f | --- | yes |
Reduced chi-squared goodness-of-fit value for the Ks-band profile-fit photometry made on the 1.3 s "Read_2" exposures. Unresolved sources that are well-fit by a single PSF should have k_psfchi~1.0. Values >2 indicate that the source was not well-fit by a single PSF and that the profile-fitting measurement may not accurately capture the flux of the object. This can occur if the source is resolved, part of a multiple star group, or is corrupted by a cosmic ray or hot pixel event.
The k_psfchi value is useful as an indicator of photometric quality only if rd_flg[3]="2" for the source, indicating that the default J magnitude (k_m) is from a profile-fitting measurement. A non-null value for k_psfchi may be listed for sources that have rd_flg[3]="1". However, these are the goodness-of-fits made on saturated star images on the "Read_2" exposures, and do not relate to the aperture photometry magnitude reported in k_m in these cases. This field is null for rd_flg[3]="0","3","4","6" or "9". |
||
j_m_stdap | %6.3f | mag | yes |
J-band "standard" aperture magnitude. This is the curve-of-growth corrected average brightness measured in a 4" radius aperture centered on the source position on each of the available 1.3 s "Read_2" frames. The background sky reference on each frame is measured in an annular region with inner radius of 14" and outer radius of 20". Non-detections on individual frames are included in the average so that the flux is not statistically overestimated. The curve-of-growth correction adjusts to an "infinite" aperture using a normalization value derived from a series of multi-aperture measurements made from many stars having the same seeing FWHM as the source that is corrected. The amplitude of the correction is tabulated in the j_ap_cor value in the Atlas Image Data Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE).
This column can contain a measurement even if the default magnitude is from the 51 ms "Read_1" exposures (rd_flg="1"). In this case, the value is the aperture measurement from the available non-saturated 1.3 s "Read_2" exposures. This column is null if the source is not detected in the J-band (rd_flg[1]="0"), or if it is saturated in all of the 1.3 s "Read 2" J-band exposures. |
||
j_msig_stdap | %5.3f | mag | yes |
Uncertainty in the J-band standard aperture magnitude. If there was more than one 1.3 s "Read_2" frame available for aperture photometry, this the RMS residual of the brightness measured on the individual frames. If there was only one frame available, this is the uncertainty derived from the single measurement using the poisson statistics of the fluxes in the aperture and sky annulus.
This column is null if the source is not detected in the J-band (rd_flg[1]="0"), or if it is saturated in all of the 1.3 s "Read 2" J-band exposures. |
||
h_m_stdap | %6.3f | mag | yes |
H-band "standard" aperture magnitude. This is the curve-of-growth corrected average brightness measured in a 4" radius aperture centered on the source position on each of the available 1.3 s "Read_2" frames. The background sky reference on each frame is measured in an annular region with inner radius of 14" and outer radius of 20". Non-detections on individual frames are included in the average so that the flux is not statistically overestimated. The curve-of-growth correction adjusts to an "infinite" aperture using a normalization value derived from a series of multi-aperture measurements made from many stars having the same seeing FWHM as the source that is corrected. The amplitude of the correction is tabulated in the h_ap_cor value in the Atlas Image Data Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE).
This column can contain a measurement even if the default magnitude is from the 51 ms "Read_1" exposures (rd_flg="1"). In this case, the value is the aperture measurement from the available non-saturated 1.3 s "Read_2" exposures. This column is null if the source is not detected in the H-band (rd_flg[1]="0"), or if it is saturated in all of the 1.3 s "Read 2" H-band exposures. |
||
h_msig_stdap | %5.3f | mag | yes |
Uncertainty in the H-band standard aperture magnitude. If there was more than one 1.3 s "Read_2" frame available for aperture photometry, this the RMS residual of the brightness measured on the individual frames. If there was only one frame available, this is the uncertainty derived from the single measurement using the poisson statistics of the fluxes in the aperture and sky annulus.
This column is null if the source is not detected in the H-band (rd_flg[2]="0"), or if it is saturated in all of the 1.3 s "Read 2" H-band exposures. |
||
k_m_stdap | %6.3f | mag | yes |
Ks-band "standard" aperture magnitude. This is the curve-of-growth corrected average brightness measured in a 4" radius aperture centered on the source position on each of the available 1.3 s "Read_2" frames. The background sky reference on each frame is measured in an annular region with inner radius of 14" and outer radius of 20". Non-detections on individual frames are included in the average so that the flux is not statistically overestimated. The curve-of-growth correction adjusts to an "infinite" aperture using a normalization value derived from a series of multi-aperture measurements made from many stars having the same seeing FWHM as the source that is corrected. The amplitude of the correction is tabulated in the k_ap_cor value in the Atlas Image Data Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE).
This column can contain a measurement even if the default magnitude is from the 51 ms "Read_1" exposures (rd_flg="1"). In this case, the value is the aperture measurement from the available non-saturated 1.3 s "Read_2" exposures. This column is null if the source is not detected in the Ks-band (rd_flg[1]="0"), or if it is saturated in all of the 1.3 s "Read 2" Ks-band exposures. |
||
k_msig_stdap | %5.3f | mag | yes |
Uncertainty in the Ks-band standard aperture magnitude. If there was more than one 1.3 s "Read_2" frame available for aperture photometry, this the RMS residual of the brightness measured on the individual frames. If there was only one frame available, this is the uncertainty derived from the single measurement using the poisson statistics of the fluxes in the aperture and sky annulus.
This column is null if the source is not detected in the Ks-band (rd_flg[3]="0"), or if it is saturated in all of the 1.3 s "Read 2" Ks-band exposures. |
||
Additional Source Quality Information | ||||||
dist_edge_ns | %5d | arcsec | no | The distance from the source to the nearest North or South scan edge. The scan edge is defined by the great-circle interpolation between the 3-band coverage corners. The equatorial coordinates of the 3-band coverage corners are given in the Scan Information Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE), referenced by thescan_key. The first character of the dist_edge_flg indicates to which edge the source is closer. | ||
dist_edge_ew | %3d | arcsec | no | The distance from the source to the nearest East or West scan edge. The scan edge is defined by the great-circle interpolation between the 3-band coverage corners. The equatorial coordinates of the 3-band coverage corners are given in the Scan Information Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE), referenced by thescan_key. The second character of the dist_edge_flg indicates to which edge the source is closer. | ||
dist_edge_flg | %2s | --- | no | Two character flag that specifies to which scan edges a source lies closest, and to which edges the dist_edge_ns and dist_edge_ew values refer. The first character encodes the N/S edge: "n" means that dist_edge_ns refers to north scan edge, "s" means that dist_edge_ns refers to the south scan edge. The second character encodes the E/W edge: "e" means that dist_edge_ew refers to the east scan edge, "w" means that dist_edge_ew refers to the west scan edge. | ||
dup_src | %1d | --- | no |
Duplicate source flag. Used in conjunction with the use_src flag, this numerical flag indicates whether the source falls in a Tile overlap region, and if so, if it was detected multiple times.
|
||
use_src | %1d | --- | no |
Use source flag. Used in conjunction with the dup_src flag, this numerical flag indicates if a source falls within a Tile overlap region, and whether or not it satisfies the unbiased selection rules for multiple source resolution.
|
||
Optical Source Association Information | ||||||
a | %1s | --- | no |
Catalog identifier of an optical source from either the Tycho 2 or USNO-A2.0 catalog that falls within ~5" of the 2MASS source position. An association with Tycho 2 takes precedence over USNO-A2.0. The values of this column can be:
Positional association between the 2MASS PSC source and an optical catalog source does not guarantee an identification. Users should consider theseparation between the sources, the number of possible optical matches, and consider proper motion when assessing optical counterparts to 2MASS sources. The optical association information is unreliable for sources with |dec|>86° because of an error in the 2MASS/USNO-A2.0 position correlation procedure that caused associations to be missed in the vicinity of the equatorial poles. If the source has |dec|>86°, a value of a="0" does not necessarily mean that there is not an optical association within 5´´ of the 2MASS position. |
||
dist_opt | %3.1f | arcsec | yes | Distance separating 2MASS source position and associated optical source within 5". For Tycho 2 associations (a="T"), the separation is computed for the position of the Tycho 2 source corrected for proper motion to the time of the 2MASS observation (if proper motions are provided in Tycho 2). This column isnull if there is no associated optical source (a="0"). | ||
phi_opt | %4d | deg | yes | Position angle on the sky of the vector from the the associated optical source to the 2MASS source position, in degrees East of North. This is opposite to the sense of prox which is the vector from the 2MASS source position to the nearest neighbor in the PSC. This column is null if there is no associated optical source (a="0"). | ||
b_m_opt | %5.2f | mag | yes | Blue magnitude of associated optical source. If Tycho 2 (a="T"), then this is the Johnson B magnitude (BJ, derived from BTycho and VTycho using the transformations given in Høg (2000): BJ-VJ = 0.85*(BT-VT). If USNO-A2.0 (a="U"), then this is the photographic blue magnitude. This column is null if there is no associated optical source (a="0"). | ||
vr_m_opt | %5.2f | mag | yes | Visual or red magnitude of the associated optical source. If Tycho 2 (a="T"), then this is the Johnson V magnitude (VJ), derived from BTycho and VTychousing the transformations given in Høg (2000): VJ = VT - 0.09*(BT-VT). If USNO-A2.0 (a="U"), then this is the photographic red magnitude. This column isnull if there is no associated optical source (a="0"). | ||
nopt_mchs | %1d | --- | no |
The number of USNO-A2.0 or Tycho 2 optical sources found within a 5" radius of the 2MASS position.
The optical association information is unreliable for sources with |dec|>86° because of an error in the 2MASS/USNO-A2.0 position correlation procedure that caused associations to be missed in the vicinity of the equatorial poles. If the source has |dec|>86°, a value of nopt_mchs=0 does not necessarily mean that there is not an optical association within 5´´ of the 2MASS position. |
||
Cross-Index Information | ||||||
ext_key | %7d | --- | yes | Unique identification number of the record in the XSC that corresponds to this point source. The XSC record with this ext_key value will have the pts_key for this source in its pts_key column. This allows easy cross-referencing between the two catalogs. | ||
scan_key | %5d | ---- | no | Unique identification number of the record in the Scan Information Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE) that corresponds to the survey scan in which this source was detected. | ||
coadd_key | %7d | ---- | no | Unique identification number of the record in the Atlas Image Data Table (NOT YET AVAILABLE) that corresponds to Image in which the position of this source falls. | ||
coadd | %3d | ---- | no | Sequence number of the Atlas Image in which the position of this source falls. The Image sequence number is number of the frame that is nearest the center of the Image. |
2. Scan Information Table
a. Scan Information Table Format
The following table contains brief descriptions of the parameters in the Scan Information Table, which provides basic data for each scan in the 2MASS All Sky Release. The table is organized according to the broad function and utility of the parameters: positional information, photometric information, source detection statistics, etc.
The columns in the following table are:
- Column Name: The parameter name in the Scan Information Table. Click on this to go to the section of the Explanatory Supplement where the derivation and/or usage of that parameter is described in detail.
- Format: The "C" format of the field in the Scan Information Table. Note that some fields contain null values that will require special handling when parsing the table drawn from either theIRSA/GATOR output or the ascii DVD or ftp versions.
- Units: The units of the parameter. A value of "---" in this column means that the parameter is dimensionless.
- nulls: A "yes" in this column means that this parameter can be null in the Scan Information Table. A "no" means that there will always be a value in this column in the Scan Information Table. Note that null values are represented differently in the IRSA/GATOR output and the ascii DVD or ftp versions.
- Description: A brief description of the parameter and its values.
TABLE 1: Description of Fields in the Scan Information Table | |||||
Column Name | Format | Units | nulls | Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary Information | |||||
scan_key/cntr | %5d | --- | no | The unique identification number for this scan. This column is called scan_key in the DVD and ftp versions of the Scan Information Table and cntr in the IRSA/GATOR version. | |
hemis | %1s | --- | no |
Observatory from which data were obtained:
|
|
date | %10s | yyyy-mm-dd | no | The observation reference date for this scan expressed in ISO standard format. This is the UT date at sunrise for the night on which the scan was observed. Because it is possible for the UT date to change during a night of observations, the actual UT date for a source can differ from date by one day. Use the Julian Date (jdate) for a more accurate determination of the observation time of the scan. | |
scan | %3d | --- | no | Scan number (unique within date). | |
tile | %6d | --- | no | Tile identification number. | |
Positional Information | |||||
ra | %10.6f | deg | no | Right ascension of scan center for equinox J2000; this is computed from the interior corners ra_[1,2,3,4] and dec_[1,2,3,4] (see below). | |
dec/decl | %10.6f | deg | no | Declination of scan center for equinox J2000; this is computed from the interior corners ra_[1,2,3,4] and dec_[1,2,3,4] (see below). This column is called declon the DVD versions of the Scan Information Table and dec in the IRSA/GATOR version. | |
glon | %7.3f | deg | no | Galactic longitude of scan center, as computed from ra and dec above. Galactic coordinates are derived by precessing reconstructed ra and dec to B1950, and performing rotational transformation into the lII, bII coordinate system. | |
glat | %7.3f | deg | no | Galactic latitude of scan center, as computed from ra and dec above. Galactic coordinates are derived by precessing reconstructed ra and dec to B1950, and performing rotational transformation into the lII, bII coordinate system. | |
ra_1 | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 right ascension of the eastern corner at start of scan. This is the corner fully covered by all three bands. | |
dec_1 | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 declination of the eastern corner at start of scan. This is the corner fully covered by all three bands. | |
ra_2 | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 right ascension of the western corner at start of scan. This is the corner fully covered by all three bands. | |
dec_2 | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 declination of the western corner at start of scan. This is the corner fully covered by all three bands. | |
ra_3 | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 right ascension of the eastern corner at end of scan. This is the corner fully covered by all three bands. | |
dec_3 | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 declination of the eastern corner at end of scan. This is the corner fully covered by all three bands. | |
ra_4 | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 right ascension of the western corner at end of scan. This is the corner fully covered by all three bands. | |
dec_4 | %10.6f | deg | no | J2000 declination of the western corner at end of scan. This is the corner fully covered by all three bands. | |
General Information | |||||
sd | %1s | --- | no |
Scanning direction:
|
|
qual | %2d | --- | no |
Quality score for scan:
|
|
hgl | %1d | --- | no |
Special flag indicating whether or not this scan has a single-frame H-band or J-band electronic glitch:
|
|
cld | %1d | --- | no |
Special flag indicating whether or not a cloud was found in the scan after comparison of its photometry to that of overlapping scans in the database:
|
|
xph | %1d | --- | no |
Special flag indicating whether or not another photometric problem, not obviously cloud related, was found in the scan after comparing its photometry to that of overlapping scans:
|
|
anom | %1d | --- | no |
Special flag indicating whether or not an unusual problem was found in the Atlas Images for this scan. Such problem include, but are not limited to, residual meteor trails, satellite trails, insect trails, and unusual reflections or glints from bright stars:
|
|
Time of Observation | |||||
ut | %9.6f | hr | no | Universal Time (UT) at beginning of scan. | |
jdate | %12.4f | day | no | Julian Date at beginning of scan. | |
Telescope and Instrument Fields | |||||
airm | %4.2f | --- | no | Airmass at beginning of scan. | |
zd | %4.1f | deg | no | Scan's distance from the zenith at beginning of scan. | |
ha | %9.6f | hr | no | Hour angle at beginning of scan. | |
rh | %2d | % | no | Relative humidity of telescope enclosure at beginning of scan. | |
air_temp | %4.1f | deg C | no | Air temperature at beginning of scan. | |
tel_temp | %4.1f | deg C | no | Telescope girdle temperature at beginning of scan. This temperature was used to adjust telescope focus to compensate for variations with temperature. | |
focus | %5d | --- | no | Focus setting of telescope at beginning of scan. This is a measure of the position of the focus mechanism, in units of 1.25 microns, relative to a reference position. This reference position changed each time the telescope was collimated. | |
hry | %1d | --- | no |
Flag indicating the H-band array configuration for the camera:
|
|
c_strat | %1d | --- | no |
Flag indicating the calibration strategy for this night's data:
|
|
Photometric Information | |||||
j_zp_ap | %7.4f | mag | no | Photometric zero-point for J-band aperture photometry. | |
h_zp_ap | %7.4f | mag | no | Photometric zero-point for H-band aperture photometry. | |
k_zp_ap | %7.4f | mag | no | Photometric zero-point for Ks-band aperture photometry. | |
h_zperr_ap | %6.4f | mag | no | RMS-error of zero-point for H-band aperture photometry | |
k_zperr_ap | %6.4f | mag | no | RMS-error of zero-point for Ks-band aperture photometry | |
Source Detection Statistics | |||||
j_n_snr10 | %6d | --- | no | Number of point sources at J-band with SNR>10 (instrumental mag <=15.8) | |
h_n_snr10 | %6d | --- | no | Number of point sources at H-band with SNR>10 (instrumental mag <=15.1) | |
k_n_snr10 | %6d | --- | no | Number of point sources at Ks-band with SNR>10 (instrumental mag <=14.3) | |
n_ext | %3d | --- | no | Number of regular extended sources detected in scan. | |
Seeing Statistics | |||||
j_shape_avg | %5.3f | --- | no | J-band average seeing shape for scan. The seeing full-width at half maximum (in arcseconds) can be obtained from the approximate relation FWHM(arcseconds) = 3.13*(j_shape_avg) - 0.46. | |
h_shape_avg | %5.3f | --- | no | H-band average seeing shape for scan. The seeing full-width at half maximum (in arcseconds) can be obtained from the approximate relationFWHM(arcseconds) = 3.13*(h_shape_avg) - 0.46. | |
k_shape_avg | %5.3f | --- | no | Ks-band average seeing shape for scan. The seeing full-width at half maximum (in arcseconds) can be obtained from the approximate relationFWHM(arcseconds) = 3.13*(k_shape_avg) - 0.46. | |
j_shape_rms | %5.3f | --- | no | RMS-error of J-band average seeing shape. | |
h_shape_rms | %5.3f | --- | no | RMS-error of H-band average seeing shape. | |
k_shape_rms | %5.3f | --- | no | RMS-error of Ks-band average seeing shape. | |
j_2mrat | %5.3f | --- | no | J-band average 2nd image moment ratio. | |
h_2mrat | %5.3f | --- | no | H-band average 2nd image moment ratio. | |
k_2mrat | %5.3f | --- | no | Ks-band average 2nd image moment ratio. | |
Sensitivity Statistics | |||||
j_psp | %6.3f | --- | no | J-band photometric sensitivity paramater (PSP). | |
h_psp | %6.3f | --- | no | H-band photometric sensitivity parameter (PSP). | |
k_psp | %6.3f | --- | no | Ks-band photometric sensitivity parameter (PSP). | |
j_pts_noise | %7.3f | --- | no | The base-10 logarithm of the characteristic J-band point source scan noise, in units of log(mJy). This is the mode of the distribution of the noise-equivalent flux densities for all J-band R2-R1 detections in the scan. The noise-equivalent flux density for each detection is given by 1603x103(mJy)*1.0857/sigma_m, where sigma_m is the photometric uncertainty, in magnitudes, before correction. 1603x103 mJy was a preliminary estimate of the J-band flux-for-zero-magnitude, and it differs slightly from the final estimate of 1592x103 mJy that is described in VI.4.a. To adjust the given value of j_pts_noise for the final calibration, subtract 0.0030. | |
h_pts_noise | %7.3f | --- | no | The base-10 logarithm of the characteristic H-band point source scan noise, in units of log(mJy). This is the mode of the distribution of the noise-equivalent flux densities for all H-band R2-R1 detections in the scan. The noise-equivalent flux density for each detection is given by 1075x103(mJy)*1.0857/sigma_m, where sigma_m is the photometric uncertainty, in magnitudes, before correction. 1075x103 mJy was a preliminary estimate of the H-band flux-for-zero-magnitude, and it differs slightly from the final estimate of 1024x103 mJy that is described in VI.4.a. To adjust the given value of h_pts_noise for the final calibration, subtract 0.0211. | |
k_pts_noise | %7.3f | --- | no | The base-10 logarithm of the characteristic Ks-band point source scan noise, in units of log(mJy). This is the mode of the distribution of the noise-equivalent flux densities for all Ks-band R2-R1 detections in the scan. The noise-equivalent flux density for each detection is given by 698.1x103(mJy)*1.0857/sigma_m, where sigma_m is the photometric uncertainty, in magnitudes, before correction. 698.1x103 mJy was a preliminary estimate of the Ks-band flux-for-zero-magnitude, and it differs slightly from the final estimate of 666.8x103 mJy that is described in VI.4.a. To adjust the given value of k_pts_noise for the final calibration, subtract 0.0199. | |
j_msnr10 | %5.2f | --- | no | The J-band magnitude at which SNR=10 is achieved for this scan, estimated using the photometric sensitivity parameter j_psp and zero point offset j_zp_ap. This estimate does not take into account the effect of confusion noise in high source density regions. | |
h_msnr10 | %5.2f | --- | no | The H-band magnitude at which SNR=10 is achieved for this scan, estimated using the photometric sensitivity parameter h_psp and zero point offset h_zp_ap. This estimate does not take into account the effect of confusion noise in high source density regions. | |
k_msnr10 | %5.2f | --- | no | The Ks-band magnitude at which SNR=10 is achieved for this scan, estimated using the photometric sensitivity parameter k_psp and zero point offset k_zp_ap. This estimate does not take into account the effect of confusion noise in high source density regions. | |
Information on Previous Releases | |||||
rel0 | %1d | --- | no |
Flag indicating whether the scan is contained in the 2MASS Sampler Release.
|
|
rel1 | %1d | --- | no |
Flag indicating whether the scan is contained in the 2MASS First Incremental Data Release (IDR1).
|
|
rel2 | %1d | --- | no |
Flag indicating whether the scan is contained in the 2MASS Second Incremental Data Release (IDR2).
|
3. XSC Parameters
a. Column Descriptions
The XSC contains 389 columns of information per source (most of which is photometry.) Because extended sources are much more complicated than a point source, it takes many more parameters to characterize them. Some parameters are required to describe the spatial extent of a source, and many more are required to characterize the photometry. In addition to a number of standard measures of photometry, the xsc also reports the magnitude as measured in a number of different fixed-size apertures. The columns are described in the tables below. We have separated the columns according to their basic function and utility.
Photometry algorithms and performance can be found here: Large Aperture Photometry: Profile Fitting, Isophotal & Total Mags.
The XSC FAQ and Primer is here: How to Use the 2MASS XSC -- FAQ Sheet.
- Name/Position Info Standard Photometry & Orientation Large Aperture Photometry Miscellaneous Photometry and Characterization
A. Name and Position Information
B. Standard (recommended) Photometry: Isophotal Apertures Based on the Ks 20 mag/arcsec^2 Elliptical Isophote, and 2-D Orientation
C. Large Apertures, including Kron and Total Versions, and Surface Brightness
D. Miscellaneous Photometry and Characterization Measures