# Copyright (c) MONAI Consortium # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """ A collection of "vanilla" transforms for crop and pad operations. """ from __future__ import annotations import warnings from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence from itertools import chain from math import ceil from typing import Any import numpy as np import torch from monai.config import IndexSelection from monai.config.type_definitions import NdarrayOrTensor from monai.data.meta_obj import get_track_meta from monai.data.meta_tensor import MetaTensor from monai.data.utils import get_random_patch, get_valid_patch_size from monai.transforms.croppad.functional import crop_func, pad_func from monai.transforms.inverse import InvertibleTransform, TraceableTransform from monai.transforms.traits import MultiSampleTrait from monai.transforms.transform import LazyTransform, Randomizable, Transform from monai.transforms.utils import ( compute_divisible_spatial_size, generate_label_classes_crop_centers, generate_pos_neg_label_crop_centers, generate_spatial_bounding_box, is_positive, map_binary_to_indices, map_classes_to_indices, weighted_patch_samples, ) from monai.utils import ImageMetaKey as Key from monai.utils import ( LazyAttr, Method, PytorchPadMode, TraceKeys, TransformBackends, convert_data_type, convert_to_tensor, ensure_tuple, ensure_tuple_rep, fall_back_tuple, look_up_option, ) __all__ = [ "Pad", "SpatialPad", "BorderPad", "DivisiblePad", "Crop", "SpatialCrop", "CenterSpatialCrop", "CenterScaleCrop", "RandSpatialCrop", "RandScaleCrop", "RandSpatialCropSamples", "CropForeground", "RandWeightedCrop", "RandCropByPosNegLabel", "RandCropByLabelClasses", "ResizeWithPadOrCrop", "BoundingRect", ] class Pad(InvertibleTransform, LazyTransform): """ Perform padding for a given an amount of padding in each dimension. `torch.nn.functional.pad` is used unless the mode or kwargs are not available in torch, in which case `np.pad` will be used. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: to_pad: the amount to pad in each dimension (including the channel) [(low_H, high_H), (low_W, high_W), ...]. if None, must provide in the `__call__` at runtime. mode: available modes: (Numpy) {``"constant"``, ``"edge"``, ``"linear_ramp"``, ``"maximum"``, ``"mean"``, ``"median"``, ``"minimum"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"symmetric"``, ``"wrap"``, ``"empty"``} (PyTorch) {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}. One of the listed string values or a user supplied function. Defaults to ``"constant"``. See also: https://numpy.org/doc/1.18/reference/generated/numpy.pad.html https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.pad.html requires pytorch >= 1.10 for best compatibility. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. kwargs: other arguments for the `np.pad` or `torch.pad` function. note that `np.pad` treats channel dimension as the first dimension. """ backend = [TransformBackends.TORCH, TransformBackends.NUMPY] def __init__( self, to_pad: tuple[tuple[int, int]] | None = None, mode: str = PytorchPadMode.CONSTANT, lazy: bool = False, **kwargs, ) -> None: LazyTransform.__init__(self, lazy) self.to_pad = to_pad self.mode = mode self.kwargs = kwargs def compute_pad_width(self, spatial_shape: Sequence[int]) -> tuple[tuple[int, int]]: """ dynamically compute the pad width according to the spatial shape. the output is the amount of padding for all dimensions including the channel. Args: spatial_shape: spatial shape of the original image. """ raise NotImplementedError(f"subclass {self.__class__.__name__} must implement this method.") def __call__( # type: ignore[override] self, img: torch.Tensor, to_pad: tuple[tuple[int, int]] | None = None, mode: str | None = None, lazy: bool | None = None, **kwargs, ) -> torch.Tensor: """ Args: img: data to be transformed, assuming `img` is channel-first and padding doesn't apply to the channel dim. to_pad: the amount to be padded in each dimension [(low_H, high_H), (low_W, high_W), ...]. default to `self.to_pad`. mode: available modes: (Numpy) {``"constant"``, ``"edge"``, ``"linear_ramp"``, ``"maximum"``, ``"mean"``, ``"median"``, ``"minimum"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"symmetric"``, ``"wrap"``, ``"empty"``} (PyTorch) {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}. One of the listed string values or a user supplied function. Defaults to ``"constant"``. See also: https://numpy.org/doc/1.18/reference/generated/numpy.pad.html https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.pad.html lazy: a flag to override the lazy behaviour for this call, if set. Defaults to None. kwargs: other arguments for the `np.pad` or `torch.pad` function. note that `np.pad` treats channel dimension as the first dimension. """ to_pad_ = self.to_pad if to_pad is None else to_pad if to_pad_ is None: spatial_shape = img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:] to_pad_ = self.compute_pad_width(spatial_shape) mode_ = self.mode if mode is None else mode kwargs_ = dict(self.kwargs) kwargs_.update(kwargs) img_t = convert_to_tensor(data=img, track_meta=get_track_meta()) lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy return pad_func(img_t, to_pad_, self.get_transform_info(), mode_, lazy_, **kwargs_) def inverse(self, data: MetaTensor) -> MetaTensor: transform = self.pop_transform(data) padded = transform[TraceKeys.EXTRA_INFO]["padded"] if padded[0][0] > 0 or padded[0][1] > 0: # slicing the channel dimension s = padded[0][0] e = min(max(padded[0][1], s + 1), len(data)) data = data[s : len(data) - e] # type: ignore roi_start = [i[0] for i in padded[1:]] roi_end = [i - j[1] for i, j in zip(data.shape[1:], padded[1:])] cropper = SpatialCrop(roi_start=roi_start, roi_end=roi_end) with cropper.trace_transform(False): return cropper(data) # type: ignore class SpatialPad(Pad): """ Performs padding to the data, symmetric for all sides or all on one side for each dimension. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: spatial_size: the spatial size of output data after padding, if a dimension of the input data size is larger than the pad size, will not pad that dimension. If its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of input image will be used (no padding). for example: if the spatial size of input data is [30, 30, 30] and `spatial_size=[32, 25, -1]`, the spatial size of output data will be [32, 30, 30]. method: {``"symmetric"``, ``"end"``} Pad image symmetrically on every side or only pad at the end sides. Defaults to ``"symmetric"``. mode: available modes for numpy array:{``"constant"``, ``"edge"``, ``"linear_ramp"``, ``"maximum"``, ``"mean"``, ``"median"``, ``"minimum"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"symmetric"``, ``"wrap"``, ``"empty"``} available modes for PyTorch Tensor: {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}. One of the listed string values or a user supplied function. Defaults to ``"constant"``. See also: https://numpy.org/doc/1.18/reference/generated/numpy.pad.html https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.pad.html lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. kwargs: other arguments for the `np.pad` or `torch.pad` function. note that `np.pad` treats channel dimension as the first dimension. """ def __init__( self, spatial_size: Sequence[int] | int | tuple[tuple[int, ...] | int, ...], method: str = Method.SYMMETRIC, mode: str = PytorchPadMode.CONSTANT, lazy: bool = False, **kwargs, ) -> None: self.spatial_size = spatial_size self.method: Method = look_up_option(method, Method) super().__init__(mode=mode, lazy=lazy, **kwargs) def compute_pad_width(self, spatial_shape: Sequence[int]) -> tuple[tuple[int, int]]: """ dynamically compute the pad width according to the spatial shape. Args: spatial_shape: spatial shape of the original image. """ spatial_size = fall_back_tuple(self.spatial_size, spatial_shape) if self.method == Method.SYMMETRIC: pad_width = [] for i, sp_i in enumerate(spatial_size): width = max(sp_i - spatial_shape[i], 0) pad_width.append((int(width // 2), int(width - (width // 2)))) else: pad_width = [(0, int(max(sp_i - spatial_shape[i], 0))) for i, sp_i in enumerate(spatial_size)] return tuple([(0, 0)] + pad_width) # type: ignore class BorderPad(Pad): """ Pad the input data by adding specified borders to every dimension. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: spatial_border: specified size for every spatial border. Any -ve values will be set to 0. It can be 3 shapes: - single int number, pad all the borders with the same size. - length equals the length of image shape, pad every spatial dimension separately. for example, image shape(CHW) is [1, 4, 4], spatial_border is [2, 1], pad every border of H dim with 2, pad every border of W dim with 1, result shape is [1, 8, 6]. - length equals 2 x (length of image shape), pad every border of every dimension separately. for example, image shape(CHW) is [1, 4, 4], spatial_border is [1, 2, 3, 4], pad top of H dim with 1, pad bottom of H dim with 2, pad left of W dim with 3, pad right of W dim with 4. the result shape is [1, 7, 11]. mode: available modes for numpy array:{``"constant"``, ``"edge"``, ``"linear_ramp"``, ``"maximum"``, ``"mean"``, ``"median"``, ``"minimum"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"symmetric"``, ``"wrap"``, ``"empty"``} available modes for PyTorch Tensor: {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}. One of the listed string values or a user supplied function. Defaults to ``"constant"``. See also: https://numpy.org/doc/1.18/reference/generated/numpy.pad.html https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.pad.html lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. kwargs: other arguments for the `np.pad` or `torch.pad` function. note that `np.pad` treats channel dimension as the first dimension. """ def __init__( self, spatial_border: Sequence[int] | int, mode: str = PytorchPadMode.CONSTANT, lazy: bool = False, **kwargs ) -> None: self.spatial_border = spatial_border super().__init__(mode=mode, lazy=lazy, **kwargs) def compute_pad_width(self, spatial_shape: Sequence[int]) -> tuple[tuple[int, int]]: spatial_border = ensure_tuple(self.spatial_border) if not all(isinstance(b, int) for b in spatial_border): raise ValueError(f"self.spatial_border must contain only ints, got {spatial_border}.") spatial_border = tuple(max(0, b) for b in spatial_border) if len(spatial_border) == 1: data_pad_width = [(int(spatial_border[0]), int(spatial_border[0])) for _ in spatial_shape] elif len(spatial_border) == len(spatial_shape): data_pad_width = [(int(sp), int(sp)) for sp in spatial_border[: len(spatial_shape)]] elif len(spatial_border) == len(spatial_shape) * 2: data_pad_width = [ (int(spatial_border[2 * i]), int(spatial_border[2 * i + 1])) for i in range(len(spatial_shape)) ] else: raise ValueError( f"Unsupported spatial_border length: {len(spatial_border)}, available options are " f"[1, len(spatial_shape)={len(spatial_shape)}, 2*len(spatial_shape)={2*len(spatial_shape)}]." ) return tuple([(0, 0)] + data_pad_width) # type: ignore class DivisiblePad(Pad): """ Pad the input data, so that the spatial sizes are divisible by `k`. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. """ backend = SpatialPad.backend def __init__( self, k: Sequence[int] | int, mode: str = PytorchPadMode.CONSTANT, method: str = Method.SYMMETRIC, lazy: bool = False, **kwargs, ) -> None: """ Args: k: the target k for each spatial dimension. if `k` is negative or 0, the original size is preserved. if `k` is an int, the same `k` be applied to all the input spatial dimensions. mode: available modes for numpy array:{``"constant"``, ``"edge"``, ``"linear_ramp"``, ``"maximum"``, ``"mean"``, ``"median"``, ``"minimum"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"symmetric"``, ``"wrap"``, ``"empty"``} available modes for PyTorch Tensor: {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}. One of the listed string values or a user supplied function. Defaults to ``"constant"``. See also: https://numpy.org/doc/1.18/reference/generated/numpy.pad.html https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.pad.html method: {``"symmetric"``, ``"end"``} Pad image symmetrically on every side or only pad at the end sides. Defaults to ``"symmetric"``. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. kwargs: other arguments for the `np.pad` or `torch.pad` function. note that `np.pad` treats channel dimension as the first dimension. See also :py:class:`monai.transforms.SpatialPad` """ self.k = k self.method: Method = Method(method) super().__init__(mode=mode, lazy=lazy, **kwargs) def compute_pad_width(self, spatial_shape: Sequence[int]) -> tuple[tuple[int, int]]: new_size = compute_divisible_spatial_size(spatial_shape=spatial_shape, k=self.k) spatial_pad = SpatialPad(spatial_size=new_size, method=self.method) return spatial_pad.compute_pad_width(spatial_shape) class Crop(InvertibleTransform, LazyTransform): """ Perform crop operations on the input image. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ backend = [TransformBackends.TORCH] def __init__(self, lazy: bool = False): LazyTransform.__init__(self, lazy) @staticmethod def compute_slices( roi_center: Sequence[int] | int | NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, roi_size: Sequence[int] | int | NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, roi_start: Sequence[int] | int | NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, roi_end: Sequence[int] | int | NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, roi_slices: Sequence[slice] | None = None, ) -> tuple[slice]: """ Compute the crop slices based on specified `center & size` or `start & end` or `slices`. Args: roi_center: voxel coordinates for center of the crop ROI. roi_size: size of the crop ROI, if a dimension of ROI size is larger than image size, will not crop that dimension of the image. roi_start: voxel coordinates for start of the crop ROI. roi_end: voxel coordinates for end of the crop ROI, if a coordinate is out of image, use the end coordinate of image. roi_slices: list of slices for each of the spatial dimensions. """ roi_start_t: torch.Tensor if roi_slices: if not all(s.step is None or s.step == 1 for s in roi_slices): raise ValueError(f"only slice steps of 1/None are currently supported, got {roi_slices}.") return ensure_tuple(roi_slices) else: if roi_center is not None and roi_size is not None: roi_center_t = convert_to_tensor(data=roi_center, dtype=torch.int16, wrap_sequence=True, device="cpu") roi_size_t = convert_to_tensor(data=roi_size, dtype=torch.int16, wrap_sequence=True, device="cpu") _zeros = torch.zeros_like(roi_center_t) half = torch.divide(roi_size_t, 2, rounding_mode="floor") roi_start_t = torch.maximum(roi_center_t - half, _zeros) roi_end_t = torch.maximum(roi_start_t + roi_size_t, roi_start_t) else: if roi_start is None or roi_end is None: raise ValueError("please specify either roi_center, roi_size or roi_start, roi_end.") roi_start_t = convert_to_tensor(data=roi_start, dtype=torch.int16, wrap_sequence=True) roi_start_t = torch.maximum(roi_start_t, torch.zeros_like(roi_start_t)) roi_end_t = convert_to_tensor(data=roi_end, dtype=torch.int16, wrap_sequence=True) roi_end_t = torch.maximum(roi_end_t, roi_start_t) # convert to slices (accounting for 1d) if roi_start_t.numel() == 1: return ensure_tuple([slice(int(roi_start_t.item()), int(roi_end_t.item()))]) return ensure_tuple([slice(int(s), int(e)) for s, e in zip(roi_start_t.tolist(), roi_end_t.tolist())]) def __call__( # type: ignore[override] self, img: torch.Tensor, slices: tuple[slice, ...], lazy: bool | None = None ) -> torch.Tensor: """ Apply the transform to `img`, assuming `img` is channel-first and slicing doesn't apply to the channel dim. """ slices_ = list(slices) sd = len(img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:]) # spatial dims if len(slices_) < sd: slices_ += [slice(None)] * (sd - len(slices_)) # Add in the channel (no cropping) slices_ = list([slice(None)] + slices_[:sd]) img_t: MetaTensor = convert_to_tensor(data=img, track_meta=get_track_meta()) lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy return crop_func(img_t, tuple(slices_), lazy_, self.get_transform_info()) def inverse(self, img: MetaTensor) -> MetaTensor: transform = self.pop_transform(img) cropped = transform[TraceKeys.EXTRA_INFO]["cropped"] # the amount we pad is equal to the amount we cropped in each direction inverse_transform = BorderPad(cropped) # Apply inverse transform with inverse_transform.trace_transform(False): return inverse_transform(img) # type: ignore class SpatialCrop(Crop): """ General purpose cropper to produce sub-volume region of interest (ROI). If a dimension of the expected ROI size is larger than the input image size, will not crop that dimension. So the cropped result may be smaller than the expected ROI, and the cropped results of several images may not have exactly the same shape. It can support to crop ND spatial (channel-first) data. The cropped region can be parameterised in various ways: - a list of slices for each spatial dimension (allows for use of negative indexing and `None`) - a spatial center and size - the start and end coordinates of the ROI This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. """ def __init__( self, roi_center: Sequence[int] | int | NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, roi_size: Sequence[int] | int | NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, roi_start: Sequence[int] | int | NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, roi_end: Sequence[int] | int | NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, roi_slices: Sequence[slice] | None = None, lazy: bool = False, ) -> None: """ Args: roi_center: voxel coordinates for center of the crop ROI. roi_size: size of the crop ROI, if a dimension of ROI size is larger than image size, will not crop that dimension of the image. roi_start: voxel coordinates for start of the crop ROI. roi_end: voxel coordinates for end of the crop ROI, if a coordinate is out of image, use the end coordinate of image. roi_slices: list of slices for each of the spatial dimensions. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ super().__init__(lazy) self.slices = self.compute_slices( roi_center=roi_center, roi_size=roi_size, roi_start=roi_start, roi_end=roi_end, roi_slices=roi_slices ) def __call__(self, img: torch.Tensor, lazy: bool | None = None) -> torch.Tensor: # type: ignore[override] """ Apply the transform to `img`, assuming `img` is channel-first and slicing doesn't apply to the channel dim. """ lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy return super().__call__(img=img, slices=ensure_tuple(self.slices), lazy=lazy_) class CenterSpatialCrop(Crop): """ Crop at the center of image with specified ROI size. If a dimension of the expected ROI size is larger than the input image size, will not crop that dimension. So the cropped result may be smaller than the expected ROI, and the cropped results of several images may not have exactly the same shape. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: roi_size: the spatial size of the crop region e.g. [224,224,128] if a dimension of ROI size is larger than image size, will not crop that dimension of the image. If its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of input image will be used. for example: if the spatial size of input data is [40, 40, 40] and `roi_size=[32, 64, -1]`, the spatial size of output data will be [32, 40, 40]. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ def __init__(self, roi_size: Sequence[int] | int, lazy: bool = False) -> None: super().__init__(lazy=lazy) self.roi_size = roi_size def compute_slices(self, spatial_size: Sequence[int]) -> tuple[slice]: # type: ignore[override] roi_size = fall_back_tuple(self.roi_size, spatial_size) roi_center = [i // 2 for i in spatial_size] return super().compute_slices(roi_center=roi_center, roi_size=roi_size) def __call__(self, img: torch.Tensor, lazy: bool | None = None) -> torch.Tensor: # type: ignore[override] """ Apply the transform to `img`, assuming `img` is channel-first and slicing doesn't apply to the channel dim. """ lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy return super().__call__( img=img, slices=self.compute_slices(img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:]), lazy=lazy_, ) class CenterScaleCrop(Crop): """ Crop at the center of image with specified scale of ROI size. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: roi_scale: specifies the expected scale of image size to crop. e.g. [0.3, 0.4, 0.5] or a number for all dims. If its components have non-positive values, will use `1.0` instead, which means the input image size. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ def __init__(self, roi_scale: Sequence[float] | float, lazy: bool = False): super().__init__(lazy=lazy) self.roi_scale = roi_scale def __call__(self, img: torch.Tensor, lazy: bool | None = None) -> torch.Tensor: # type: ignore[override] img_size = img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:] ndim = len(img_size) roi_size = [ceil(r * s) for r, s in zip(ensure_tuple_rep(self.roi_scale, ndim), img_size)] lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy cropper = CenterSpatialCrop(roi_size=roi_size, lazy=lazy_) return super().__call__(img=img, slices=cropper.compute_slices(img_size), lazy=lazy_) class RandSpatialCrop(Randomizable, Crop): """ Crop image with random size or specific size ROI. It can crop at a random position as center or at the image center. And allows to set the minimum and maximum size to limit the randomly generated ROI. Note: even `random_size=False`, if a dimension of the expected ROI size is larger than the input image size, will not crop that dimension. So the cropped result may be smaller than the expected ROI, and the cropped results of several images may not have exactly the same shape. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: roi_size: if `random_size` is True, it specifies the minimum crop region. if `random_size` is False, it specifies the expected ROI size to crop. e.g. [224, 224, 128] if a dimension of ROI size is larger than image size, will not crop that dimension of the image. If its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of input image will be used. for example: if the spatial size of input data is [40, 40, 40] and `roi_size=[32, 64, -1]`, the spatial size of output data will be [32, 40, 40]. max_roi_size: if `random_size` is True and `roi_size` specifies the min crop region size, `max_roi_size` can specify the max crop region size. if None, defaults to the input image size. if its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of input image will be used. random_center: crop at random position as center or the image center. random_size: crop with random size or specific size ROI. if True, the actual size is sampled from `randint(roi_size, max_roi_size + 1)`. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ def __init__( self, roi_size: Sequence[int] | int, max_roi_size: Sequence[int] | int | None = None, random_center: bool = True, random_size: bool = False, lazy: bool = False, ) -> None: super().__init__(lazy) self.roi_size = roi_size self.max_roi_size = max_roi_size self.random_center = random_center self.random_size = random_size self._size: Sequence[int] | None = None self._slices: tuple[slice, ...] def randomize(self, img_size: Sequence[int]) -> None: self._size = fall_back_tuple(self.roi_size, img_size) if self.random_size: max_size = img_size if self.max_roi_size is None else fall_back_tuple(self.max_roi_size, img_size) if any(i > j for i, j in zip(self._size, max_size)): raise ValueError(f"min ROI size: {self._size} is larger than max ROI size: {max_size}.") self._size = tuple(self.R.randint(low=self._size[i], high=max_size[i] + 1) for i in range(len(img_size))) if self.random_center: valid_size = get_valid_patch_size(img_size, self._size) self._slices = get_random_patch(img_size, valid_size, self.R) def __call__(self, img: torch.Tensor, randomize: bool = True, lazy: bool | None = None) -> torch.Tensor: # type: ignore """ Apply the transform to `img`, assuming `img` is channel-first and slicing doesn't apply to the channel dim. """ img_size = img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:] if randomize: self.randomize(img_size) if self._size is None: raise RuntimeError("self._size not specified.") lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy if self.random_center: return super().__call__(img=img, slices=self._slices, lazy=lazy_) cropper = CenterSpatialCrop(self._size, lazy=lazy_) return super().__call__(img=img, slices=cropper.compute_slices(img_size), lazy=lazy_) class RandScaleCrop(RandSpatialCrop): """ Subclass of :py:class:`monai.transforms.RandSpatialCrop`. Crop image with random size or specific size ROI. It can crop at a random position as center or at the image center. And allows to set the minimum and maximum scale of image size to limit the randomly generated ROI. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: roi_scale: if `random_size` is True, it specifies the minimum crop size: `roi_scale * image spatial size`. if `random_size` is False, it specifies the expected scale of image size to crop. e.g. [0.3, 0.4, 0.5]. If its components have non-positive values, will use `1.0` instead, which means the input image size. max_roi_scale: if `random_size` is True and `roi_scale` specifies the min crop region size, `max_roi_scale` can specify the max crop region size: `max_roi_scale * image spatial size`. if None, defaults to the input image size. if its components have non-positive values, will use `1.0` instead, which means the input image size. random_center: crop at random position as center or the image center. random_size: crop with random size or specified size ROI by `roi_scale * image spatial size`. if True, the actual size is sampled from `randint(roi_scale * image spatial size, max_roi_scale * image spatial size + 1)`. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ def __init__( self, roi_scale: Sequence[float] | float, max_roi_scale: Sequence[float] | float | None = None, random_center: bool = True, random_size: bool = False, lazy: bool = False, ) -> None: super().__init__( roi_size=-1, max_roi_size=None, random_center=random_center, random_size=random_size, lazy=lazy ) self.roi_scale = roi_scale self.max_roi_scale = max_roi_scale def get_max_roi_size(self, img_size): ndim = len(img_size) self.roi_size = [ceil(r * s) for r, s in zip(ensure_tuple_rep(self.roi_scale, ndim), img_size)] if self.max_roi_scale is not None: self.max_roi_size = [ceil(r * s) for r, s in zip(ensure_tuple_rep(self.max_roi_scale, ndim), img_size)] else: self.max_roi_size = None def randomize(self, img_size: Sequence[int]) -> None: self.get_max_roi_size(img_size) super().randomize(img_size) def __call__(self, img: torch.Tensor, randomize: bool = True, lazy: bool | None = None) -> torch.Tensor: # type: ignore """ Apply the transform to `img`, assuming `img` is channel-first and slicing doesn't apply to the channel dim. """ self.get_max_roi_size(img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:]) lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy return super().__call__(img=img, randomize=randomize, lazy=lazy_) class RandSpatialCropSamples(Randomizable, TraceableTransform, LazyTransform, MultiSampleTrait): """ Crop image with random size or specific size ROI to generate a list of N samples. It can crop at a random position as center or at the image center. And allows to set the minimum size to limit the randomly generated ROI. It will return a list of cropped images. Note: even `random_size=False`, if a dimension of the expected ROI size is larger than the input image size, will not crop that dimension. So the cropped result may be smaller than the expected ROI, and the cropped results of several images may not have exactly the same shape. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: roi_size: if `random_size` is True, it specifies the minimum crop region. if `random_size` is False, it specifies the expected ROI size to crop. e.g. [224, 224, 128] if a dimension of ROI size is larger than image size, will not crop that dimension of the image. If its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of input image will be used. for example: if the spatial size of input data is [40, 40, 40] and `roi_size=[32, 64, -1]`, the spatial size of output data will be [32, 40, 40]. num_samples: number of samples (crop regions) to take in the returned list. max_roi_size: if `random_size` is True and `roi_size` specifies the min crop region size, `max_roi_size` can specify the max crop region size. if None, defaults to the input image size. if its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of input image will be used. random_center: crop at random position as center or the image center. random_size: crop with random size or specific size ROI. The actual size is sampled from `randint(roi_size, img_size)`. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. Raises: ValueError: When ``num_samples`` is nonpositive. """ backend = RandSpatialCrop.backend def __init__( self, roi_size: Sequence[int] | int, num_samples: int, max_roi_size: Sequence[int] | int | None = None, random_center: bool = True, random_size: bool = False, lazy: bool = False, ) -> None: LazyTransform.__init__(self, lazy) if num_samples < 1: raise ValueError(f"num_samples must be positive, got {num_samples}.") self.num_samples = num_samples self.cropper = RandSpatialCrop(roi_size, max_roi_size, random_center, random_size, lazy) def set_random_state( self, seed: int | None = None, state: np.random.RandomState | None = None ) -> RandSpatialCropSamples: super().set_random_state(seed, state) self.cropper.set_random_state(seed, state) return self @LazyTransform.lazy.setter # type: ignore def lazy(self, value: bool) -> None: self._lazy = value self.cropper.lazy = value def randomize(self, data: Any | None = None) -> None: pass def __call__(self, img: torch.Tensor, lazy: bool | None = None) -> list[torch.Tensor]: """ Apply the transform to `img`, assuming `img` is channel-first and cropping doesn't change the channel dim. """ ret = [] lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy for i in range(self.num_samples): cropped = self.cropper(img, lazy=lazy_) if get_track_meta(): cropped.meta[Key.PATCH_INDEX] = i # type: ignore self.push_transform(cropped, replace=True, lazy=lazy_) # track as this class instead of RandSpatialCrop ret.append(cropped) return ret class CropForeground(Crop): """ Crop an image using a bounding box. The bounding box is generated by selecting foreground using select_fn at channels channel_indices. margin is added in each spatial dimension of the bounding box. The typical usage is to help training and evaluation if the valid part is small in the whole medical image. Users can define arbitrary function to select expected foreground from the whole image or specified channels. And it can also add margin to every dim of the bounding box of foreground object. For example: .. code-block:: python image = np.array( [[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 1, 0], [0, 1, 3, 2, 0], [0, 1, 2, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]]) # 1x5x5, single channel 5x5 image def threshold_at_one(x): # threshold at 1 return x > 1 cropper = CropForeground(select_fn=threshold_at_one, margin=0) print(cropper(image)) [[[2, 1], [3, 2], [2, 1]]] This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. """ def __init__( self, select_fn: Callable = is_positive, channel_indices: IndexSelection | None = None, margin: Sequence[int] | int = 0, allow_smaller: bool = False, return_coords: bool = False, k_divisible: Sequence[int] | int = 1, mode: str = PytorchPadMode.CONSTANT, lazy: bool = False, **pad_kwargs, ) -> None: """ Args: select_fn: function to select expected foreground, default is to select values > 0. channel_indices: if defined, select foreground only on the specified channels of image. if None, select foreground on the whole image. margin: add margin value to spatial dims of the bounding box, if only 1 value provided, use it for all dims. allow_smaller: when computing box size with `margin`, whether to allow the image edges to be smaller than the final box edges. If `False`, part of a padded output box might be outside of the original image, if `True`, the image edges will be used as the box edges. Default to `False`. The default value is changed from `True` to `False` in v1.5.0. return_coords: whether return the coordinates of spatial bounding box for foreground. k_divisible: make each spatial dimension to be divisible by k, default to 1. if `k_divisible` is an int, the same `k` be applied to all the input spatial dimensions. mode: available modes for numpy array:{``"constant"``, ``"edge"``, ``"linear_ramp"``, ``"maximum"``, ``"mean"``, ``"median"``, ``"minimum"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"symmetric"``, ``"wrap"``, ``"empty"``} available modes for PyTorch Tensor: {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}. One of the listed string values or a user supplied function. Defaults to ``"constant"``. See also: https://numpy.org/doc/1.18/reference/generated/numpy.pad.html https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.pad.html lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. pad_kwargs: other arguments for the `np.pad` or `torch.pad` function. note that `np.pad` treats channel dimension as the first dimension. """ LazyTransform.__init__(self, lazy) self.select_fn = select_fn self.channel_indices = ensure_tuple(channel_indices) if channel_indices is not None else None self.margin = margin self.allow_smaller = allow_smaller self.return_coords = return_coords self.k_divisible = k_divisible self.padder = Pad(mode=mode, lazy=lazy, **pad_kwargs) @Crop.lazy.setter # type: ignore def lazy(self, _val: bool): self._lazy = _val self.padder.lazy = _val @property def requires_current_data(self): return False def compute_bounding_box(self, img: torch.Tensor) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]: """ Compute the start points and end points of bounding box to crop. And adjust bounding box coords to be divisible by `k`. """ box_start, box_end = generate_spatial_bounding_box( img, self.select_fn, self.channel_indices, self.margin, self.allow_smaller ) box_start_, *_ = convert_data_type(box_start, output_type=np.ndarray, dtype=np.int16, wrap_sequence=True) box_end_, *_ = convert_data_type(box_end, output_type=np.ndarray, dtype=np.int16, wrap_sequence=True) orig_spatial_size = box_end_ - box_start_ # make the spatial size divisible by `k` spatial_size = np.asarray(compute_divisible_spatial_size(orig_spatial_size.tolist(), k=self.k_divisible)) # update box_start and box_end box_start_ = box_start_ - np.floor_divide(np.asarray(spatial_size) - orig_spatial_size, 2) box_end_ = box_start_ + spatial_size return box_start_, box_end_ def crop_pad( self, img: torch.Tensor, box_start: np.ndarray, box_end: np.ndarray, mode: str | None = None, lazy: bool = False, **pad_kwargs, ) -> torch.Tensor: """ Crop and pad based on the bounding box. """ slices = self.compute_slices(roi_start=box_start, roi_end=box_end) cropped = super().__call__(img=img, slices=slices, lazy=lazy) pad_to_start = np.maximum(-box_start, 0) pad_to_end = np.maximum( box_end - np.asarray(img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:]), 0 ) pad = list(chain(*zip(pad_to_start.tolist(), pad_to_end.tolist()))) pad_width = BorderPad(spatial_border=pad).compute_pad_width( cropped.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(cropped, MetaTensor) else cropped.shape[1:] ) ret = self.padder.__call__(img=cropped, to_pad=pad_width, mode=mode, lazy=lazy, **pad_kwargs) # combine the traced cropping and padding into one transformation # by taking the padded info and placing it in a key inside the crop info. if get_track_meta() and isinstance(ret, MetaTensor): if not lazy: ret.applied_operations[-1][TraceKeys.EXTRA_INFO]["pad_info"] = ret.applied_operations.pop() else: pad_info = ret.pending_operations.pop() crop_info = ret.pending_operations.pop() extra = crop_info[TraceKeys.EXTRA_INFO] extra["pad_info"] = pad_info self.push_transform( ret, orig_size=crop_info.get(TraceKeys.ORIG_SIZE), sp_size=pad_info[LazyAttr.SHAPE], affine=crop_info[LazyAttr.AFFINE] @ pad_info[LazyAttr.AFFINE], lazy=lazy, extra_info=extra, ) return ret def __call__( # type: ignore[override] self, img: torch.Tensor, mode: str | None = None, lazy: bool | None = None, **pad_kwargs ) -> torch.Tensor: """ Apply the transform to `img`, assuming `img` is channel-first and slicing doesn't change the channel dim. """ box_start, box_end = self.compute_bounding_box(img) lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy cropped = self.crop_pad(img, box_start, box_end, mode, lazy=lazy_, **pad_kwargs) if self.return_coords: return cropped, box_start, box_end # type: ignore[return-value] return cropped def inverse(self, img: MetaTensor) -> MetaTensor: transform = self.get_most_recent_transform(img) # we moved the padding info in the forward, so put it back for the inverse pad_info = transform[TraceKeys.EXTRA_INFO].pop("pad_info") img.applied_operations.append(pad_info) # first inverse the padder inv = self.padder.inverse(img) # and then inverse the cropper (self) return super().inverse(inv) class RandWeightedCrop(Randomizable, TraceableTransform, LazyTransform, MultiSampleTrait): """ Samples a list of `num_samples` image patches according to the provided `weight_map`. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: spatial_size: the spatial size of the image patch e.g. [224, 224, 128]. If its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of `img` will be used. num_samples: number of samples (image patches) to take in the returned list. weight_map: weight map used to generate patch samples. The weights must be non-negative. Each element denotes a sampling weight of the spatial location. 0 indicates no sampling. It should be a single-channel array in shape, for example, `(1, spatial_dim_0, spatial_dim_1, ...)`. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ backend = SpatialCrop.backend def __init__( self, spatial_size: Sequence[int] | int, num_samples: int = 1, weight_map: NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, lazy: bool = False, ): LazyTransform.__init__(self, lazy) self.spatial_size = ensure_tuple(spatial_size) self.num_samples = int(num_samples) self.weight_map = weight_map self.centers: list[np.ndarray] = [] def randomize(self, weight_map: NdarrayOrTensor) -> None: self.centers = weighted_patch_samples( spatial_size=self.spatial_size, w=weight_map[0], n_samples=self.num_samples, r_state=self.R ) # using only the first channel as weight map @LazyTransform.lazy.setter # type: ignore def lazy(self, _val: bool): self._lazy = _val def __call__( self, img: torch.Tensor, weight_map: NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, randomize: bool = True, lazy: bool | None = None, ) -> list[torch.Tensor]: """ Args: img: input image to sample patches from. assuming `img` is a channel-first array. weight_map: weight map used to generate patch samples. The weights must be non-negative. Each element denotes a sampling weight of the spatial location. 0 indicates no sampling. It should be a single-channel array in shape, for example, `(1, spatial_dim_0, spatial_dim_1, ...)` randomize: whether to execute random operations, default to `True`. lazy: a flag to override the lazy behaviour for this call, if set. Defaults to None. Returns: A list of image patches """ img_shape = img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:] if randomize: if weight_map is None: weight_map = self.weight_map if weight_map is None: raise ValueError("weight map must be provided for weighted patch sampling.") w_shape = weight_map.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(weight_map, MetaTensor) else weight_map.shape[1:] if img_shape != w_shape: warnings.warn(f"image and weight map spatial shape mismatch: {img_shape} vs {w_shape}.") self.randomize(weight_map) _spatial_size = fall_back_tuple(self.spatial_size, img_shape) results: list[torch.Tensor] = [] lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy for i, center in enumerate(self.centers): cropper = SpatialCrop(roi_center=center, roi_size=_spatial_size, lazy=lazy_) cropped = cropper(img) if get_track_meta(): ret_: MetaTensor = cropped # type: ignore ret_.meta[Key.PATCH_INDEX] = i ret_.meta["crop_center"] = center self.push_transform(ret_, replace=True, lazy=lazy_) results.append(cropped) return results class RandCropByPosNegLabel(Randomizable, TraceableTransform, LazyTransform, MultiSampleTrait): """ Crop random fixed sized regions with the center being a foreground or background voxel based on the Pos Neg Ratio. And will return a list of arrays for all the cropped images. For example, crop two (3 x 3) arrays from (5 x 5) array with pos/neg=1:: [[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 1, 0], [[0, 1, 2], [[2, 1, 0], [0, 1, 3, 0, 0], --> [0, 1, 3], [3, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]] [0, 0, 0]] [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]] If a dimension of the expected spatial size is larger than the input image size, will not crop that dimension. So the cropped result may be smaller than expected size, and the cropped results of several images may not have exactly same shape. And if the crop ROI is partly out of the image, will automatically adjust the crop center to ensure the valid crop ROI. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: spatial_size: the spatial size of the crop region e.g. [224, 224, 128]. if a dimension of ROI size is larger than image size, will not crop that dimension of the image. if its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of `label` will be used. for example: if the spatial size of input data is [40, 40, 40] and `spatial_size=[32, 64, -1]`, the spatial size of output data will be [32, 40, 40]. label: the label image that is used for finding foreground/background, if None, must set at `self.__call__`. Non-zero indicates foreground, zero indicates background. pos: used with `neg` together to calculate the ratio ``pos / (pos + neg)`` for the probability to pick a foreground voxel as a center rather than a background voxel. neg: used with `pos` together to calculate the ratio ``pos / (pos + neg)`` for the probability to pick a foreground voxel as a center rather than a background voxel. num_samples: number of samples (crop regions) to take in each list. image: optional image data to help select valid area, can be same as `img` or another image array. if not None, use ``label == 0 & image > image_threshold`` to select the negative sample (background) center. So the crop center will only come from the valid image areas. image_threshold: if enabled `image`, use ``image > image_threshold`` to determine the valid image content areas. fg_indices: if provided pre-computed foreground indices of `label`, will ignore above `image` and `image_threshold`, and randomly select crop centers based on them, need to provide `fg_indices` and `bg_indices` together, expect to be 1 dim array of spatial indices after flattening. a typical usage is to call `FgBgToIndices` transform first and cache the results. bg_indices: if provided pre-computed background indices of `label`, will ignore above `image` and `image_threshold`, and randomly select crop centers based on them, need to provide `fg_indices` and `bg_indices` together, expect to be 1 dim array of spatial indices after flattening. a typical usage is to call `FgBgToIndices` transform first and cache the results. allow_smaller: if `False`, an exception will be raised if the image is smaller than the requested ROI in any dimension. If `True`, any smaller dimensions will be set to match the cropped size (i.e., no cropping in that dimension). lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. Raises: ValueError: When ``pos`` or ``neg`` are negative. ValueError: When ``pos=0`` and ``neg=0``. Incompatible values. """ backend = SpatialCrop.backend def __init__( self, spatial_size: Sequence[int] | int, label: torch.Tensor | None = None, pos: float = 1.0, neg: float = 1.0, num_samples: int = 1, image: torch.Tensor | None = None, image_threshold: float = 0.0, fg_indices: NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, bg_indices: NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, allow_smaller: bool = False, lazy: bool = False, ) -> None: LazyTransform.__init__(self, lazy) self.spatial_size = spatial_size self.label = label if pos < 0 or neg < 0: raise ValueError(f"pos and neg must be nonnegative, got pos={pos} neg={neg}.") if pos + neg == 0: raise ValueError("Incompatible values: pos=0 and neg=0.") self.pos_ratio = pos / (pos + neg) self.num_samples = num_samples self.image = image self.image_threshold = image_threshold self.centers: tuple[tuple] | None = None self.fg_indices = fg_indices self.bg_indices = bg_indices self.allow_smaller = allow_smaller def randomize( self, label: torch.Tensor | None = None, fg_indices: NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, bg_indices: NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, image: torch.Tensor | None = None, ) -> None: fg_indices_ = self.fg_indices if fg_indices is None else fg_indices bg_indices_ = self.bg_indices if bg_indices is None else bg_indices if fg_indices_ is None or bg_indices_ is None: if label is None: raise ValueError("label must be provided.") fg_indices_, bg_indices_ = map_binary_to_indices(label, image, self.image_threshold) _shape = None if label is not None: _shape = label.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(label, MetaTensor) else label.shape[1:] elif image is not None: _shape = image.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(image, MetaTensor) else image.shape[1:] if _shape is None: raise ValueError("label or image must be provided to get the spatial shape.") self.centers = generate_pos_neg_label_crop_centers( self.spatial_size, self.num_samples, self.pos_ratio, _shape, fg_indices_, bg_indices_, self.R, self.allow_smaller, ) @LazyTransform.lazy.setter # type: ignore def lazy(self, _val: bool): self._lazy = _val @property def requires_current_data(self): return False def __call__( self, img: torch.Tensor, label: torch.Tensor | None = None, image: torch.Tensor | None = None, fg_indices: NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, bg_indices: NdarrayOrTensor | None = None, randomize: bool = True, lazy: bool | None = None, ) -> list[torch.Tensor]: """ Args: img: input data to crop samples from based on the pos/neg ratio of `label` and `image`. Assumes `img` is a channel-first array. label: the label image that is used for finding foreground/background, if None, use `self.label`. image: optional image data to help select valid area, can be same as `img` or another image array. use ``label == 0 & image > image_threshold`` to select the negative sample(background) center. so the crop center will only exist on valid image area. if None, use `self.image`. fg_indices: foreground indices to randomly select crop centers, need to provide `fg_indices` and `bg_indices` together. bg_indices: background indices to randomly select crop centers, need to provide `fg_indices` and `bg_indices` together. randomize: whether to execute the random operations, default to `True`. lazy: a flag to override the lazy behaviour for this call, if set. Defaults to None. """ if image is None: image = self.image if randomize: if label is None: label = self.label self.randomize(label, fg_indices, bg_indices, image) results: list[torch.Tensor] = [] if self.centers is not None: img_shape = img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:] roi_size = fall_back_tuple(self.spatial_size, default=img_shape) lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy for i, center in enumerate(self.centers): cropper = SpatialCrop(roi_center=center, roi_size=roi_size, lazy=lazy_) cropped = cropper(img) if get_track_meta(): ret_: MetaTensor = cropped # type: ignore ret_.meta[Key.PATCH_INDEX] = i ret_.meta["crop_center"] = center self.push_transform(ret_, replace=True, lazy=lazy_) results.append(cropped) return results class RandCropByLabelClasses(Randomizable, TraceableTransform, LazyTransform, MultiSampleTrait): """ Crop random fixed sized regions with the center being a class based on the specified ratios of every class. The label data can be One-Hot format array or Argmax data. And will return a list of arrays for all the cropped images. For example, crop two (3 x 3) arrays from (5 x 5) array with `ratios=[1, 2, 3, 1]`:: image = np.array([ [[0.0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.2, 0.0], [0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.4], [0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.2, 0.0], [0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.0], [0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.0]] ]) label = np.array([ [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 1, 0], [0, 1, 3, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] ]) cropper = RandCropByLabelClasses( spatial_size=[3, 3], ratios=[1, 2, 3, 1], num_classes=4, num_samples=2, ) label_samples = cropper(img=label, label=label, image=image) The 2 randomly cropped samples of `label` can be: [[0, 1, 2], [[0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 3], [1, 2, 1], [0, 0, 0]] [1, 3, 0]] If a dimension of the expected spatial size is larger than the input image size, will not crop that dimension. So the cropped result may be smaller than expected size, and the cropped results of several images may not have exactly same shape. And if the crop ROI is partly out of the image, will automatically adjust the crop center to ensure the valid crop ROI. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: spatial_size: the spatial size of the crop region e.g. [224, 224, 128]. if a dimension of ROI size is larger than image size, will not crop that dimension of the image. if its components have non-positive values, the corresponding size of `label` will be used. for example: if the spatial size of input data is [40, 40, 40] and `spatial_size=[32, 64, -1]`, the spatial size of output data will be [32, 40, 40]. ratios: specified ratios of every class in the label to generate crop centers, including background class. if None, every class will have the same ratio to generate crop centers. label: the label image that is used for finding every class, if None, must set at `self.__call__`. num_classes: number of classes for argmax label, not necessary for One-Hot label. num_samples: number of samples (crop regions) to take in each list. image: if image is not None, only return the indices of every class that are within the valid region of the image (``image > image_threshold``). image_threshold: if enabled `image`, use ``image > image_threshold`` to determine the valid image content area and select class indices only in this area. indices: if provided pre-computed indices of every class, will ignore above `image` and `image_threshold`, and randomly select crop centers based on them, expect to be 1 dim array of spatial indices after flattening. a typical usage is to call `ClassesToIndices` transform first and cache the results for better performance. allow_smaller: if `False`, an exception will be raised if the image is smaller than the requested ROI in any dimension. If `True`, any smaller dimensions will remain unchanged. warn: if `True` prints a warning if a class is not present in the label. max_samples_per_class: maximum length of indices to sample in each class to reduce memory consumption. Default is None, no subsampling. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ backend = SpatialCrop.backend def __init__( self, spatial_size: Sequence[int] | int, ratios: list[float | int] | None = None, label: torch.Tensor | None = None, num_classes: int | None = None, num_samples: int = 1, image: torch.Tensor | None = None, image_threshold: float = 0.0, indices: list[NdarrayOrTensor] | None = None, allow_smaller: bool = False, warn: bool = True, max_samples_per_class: int | None = None, lazy: bool = False, ) -> None: LazyTransform.__init__(self, lazy) self.spatial_size = spatial_size self.ratios = ratios self.label = label self.num_classes = num_classes self.num_samples = num_samples self.image = image self.image_threshold = image_threshold self.centers: tuple[tuple] | None = None self.indices = indices self.allow_smaller = allow_smaller self.warn = warn self.max_samples_per_class = max_samples_per_class def randomize( self, label: torch.Tensor | None = None, indices: list[NdarrayOrTensor] | None = None, image: torch.Tensor | None = None, ) -> None: indices_ = self.indices if indices is None else indices if indices_ is None: if label is None: raise ValueError("label must not be None.") indices_ = map_classes_to_indices( label, self.num_classes, image, self.image_threshold, self.max_samples_per_class ) _shape = None if label is not None: _shape = label.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(label, MetaTensor) else label.shape[1:] elif image is not None: _shape = image.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(image, MetaTensor) else image.shape[1:] if _shape is None: raise ValueError("label or image must be provided to infer the output spatial shape.") self.centers = generate_label_classes_crop_centers( self.spatial_size, self.num_samples, _shape, indices_, self.ratios, self.R, self.allow_smaller, self.warn ) @LazyTransform.lazy.setter # type: ignore def lazy(self, _val: bool): self._lazy = _val @property def requires_current_data(self): return False def __call__( self, img: torch.Tensor, label: torch.Tensor | None = None, image: torch.Tensor | None = None, indices: list[NdarrayOrTensor] | None = None, randomize: bool = True, lazy: bool | None = None, ) -> list[torch.Tensor]: """ Args: img: input data to crop samples from based on the ratios of every class, assumes `img` is a channel-first array. label: the label image that is used for finding indices of every class, if None, use `self.label`. image: optional image data to help select valid area, can be same as `img` or another image array. use ``image > image_threshold`` to select the centers only in valid region. if None, use `self.image`. indices: list of indices for every class in the image, used to randomly select crop centers. randomize: whether to execute the random operations, default to `True`. lazy: a flag to override the lazy behaviour for this call, if set. Defaults to None. """ if image is None: image = self.image if randomize: if label is None: label = self.label self.randomize(label, indices, image) results: list[torch.Tensor] = [] if self.centers is not None: img_shape = img.peek_pending_shape() if isinstance(img, MetaTensor) else img.shape[1:] roi_size = fall_back_tuple(self.spatial_size, default=img_shape) lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy for i, center in enumerate(self.centers): cropper = SpatialCrop(roi_center=tuple(center), roi_size=roi_size, lazy=lazy_) cropped = cropper(img) if get_track_meta(): ret_: MetaTensor = cropped # type: ignore ret_.meta[Key.PATCH_INDEX] = i ret_.meta["crop_center"] = center self.push_transform(ret_, replace=True, lazy=lazy_) results.append(cropped) return results class ResizeWithPadOrCrop(InvertibleTransform, LazyTransform): """ Resize an image to a target spatial size by either centrally cropping the image or padding it evenly with a user-specified mode. When the dimension is smaller than the target size, do symmetric padding along that dim. When the dimension is larger than the target size, do central cropping along that dim. This transform is capable of lazy execution. See the :ref:`Lazy Resampling topic` for more information. Args: spatial_size: the spatial size of output data after padding or crop. If has non-positive values, the corresponding size of input image will be used (no padding). method: {``"symmetric"``, ``"end"``} Pad image symmetrically on every side or only pad at the end sides. Defaults to ``"symmetric"``. mode: available modes for numpy array:{``"constant"``, ``"edge"``, ``"linear_ramp"``, ``"maximum"``, ``"mean"``, ``"median"``, ``"minimum"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"symmetric"``, ``"wrap"``, ``"empty"``} available modes for PyTorch Tensor: {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}. One of the listed string values or a user supplied function. Defaults to ``"constant"``. See also: https://numpy.org/doc/1.18/reference/generated/numpy.pad.html https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.pad.html pad_kwargs: other arguments for the `np.pad` or `torch.pad` function. note that `np.pad` treats channel dimension as the first dimension. lazy: a flag to indicate whether this transform should execute lazily or not. Defaults to False. """ backend = list(set(SpatialPad.backend) & set(CenterSpatialCrop.backend)) def __init__( self, spatial_size: Sequence[int] | int, method: str = Method.SYMMETRIC, mode: str = PytorchPadMode.CONSTANT, lazy: bool = False, **pad_kwargs, ): LazyTransform.__init__(self, lazy) self.padder = SpatialPad(spatial_size=spatial_size, method=method, mode=mode, lazy=lazy, **pad_kwargs) self.cropper = CenterSpatialCrop(roi_size=spatial_size, lazy=lazy) @LazyTransform.lazy.setter # type: ignore def lazy(self, val: bool): self.padder.lazy = val self.cropper.lazy = val self._lazy = val def __call__( # type: ignore[override] self, img: torch.Tensor, mode: str | None = None, lazy: bool | None = None, **pad_kwargs ) -> torch.Tensor: """ Args: img: data to pad or crop, assuming `img` is channel-first and padding or cropping doesn't apply to the channel dim. mode: available modes for numpy array:{``"constant"``, ``"edge"``, ``"linear_ramp"``, ``"maximum"``, ``"mean"``, ``"median"``, ``"minimum"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"symmetric"``, ``"wrap"``, ``"empty"``} available modes for PyTorch Tensor: {``"constant"``, ``"reflect"``, ``"replicate"``, ``"circular"``}. One of the listed string values or a user supplied function. Defaults to ``"constant"``. See also: https://numpy.org/doc/1.18/reference/generated/numpy.pad.html https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.functional.pad.html lazy: a flag to override the lazy behaviour for this call, if set. Defaults to None. pad_kwargs: other arguments for the `np.pad` or `torch.pad` function. note that `np.pad` treats channel dimension as the first dimension. """ lazy_ = self.lazy if lazy is None else lazy ret = self.padder(self.cropper(img, lazy_), mode=mode, lazy=lazy_, **pad_kwargs) # remove the individual info and combine if get_track_meta(): ret_: MetaTensor = ret # type: ignore if not lazy_: pad_info = ret_.applied_operations.pop() crop_info = ret_.applied_operations.pop() orig_size = crop_info.get(TraceKeys.ORIG_SIZE) self.push_transform( ret_, orig_size=orig_size, extra_info={"pad_info": pad_info, "crop_info": crop_info}, lazy=lazy_ ) else: pad_info = ret_.pending_operations.pop() crop_info = ret_.pending_operations.pop() orig_size = crop_info.get(TraceKeys.ORIG_SIZE) self.push_transform( ret_, orig_size=orig_size, sp_size=pad_info[LazyAttr.SHAPE], affine=crop_info[LazyAttr.AFFINE] @ pad_info[LazyAttr.AFFINE], extra_info={"pad_info": pad_info, "crop_info": crop_info}, lazy=lazy_, ) return ret def inverse(self, img: MetaTensor) -> MetaTensor: transform = self.pop_transform(img) return self.inverse_transform(img, transform) def inverse_transform(self, img: MetaTensor, transform) -> MetaTensor: # we joined the cropping and padding, so put them back before calling the inverse crop_info = transform[TraceKeys.EXTRA_INFO].pop("crop_info") pad_info = transform[TraceKeys.EXTRA_INFO].pop("pad_info") img.applied_operations.append(crop_info) img.applied_operations.append(pad_info) # first inverse the padder inv = self.padder.inverse(img) # and then inverse the cropper (self) return self.cropper.inverse(inv) class BoundingRect(Transform): """ Compute coordinates of axis-aligned bounding rectangles from input image `img`. The output format of the coordinates is (shape is [channel, 2 * spatial dims]): [[1st_spatial_dim_start, 1st_spatial_dim_end, 2nd_spatial_dim_start, 2nd_spatial_dim_end, ..., Nth_spatial_dim_start, Nth_spatial_dim_end], ... [1st_spatial_dim_start, 1st_spatial_dim_end, 2nd_spatial_dim_start, 2nd_spatial_dim_end, ..., Nth_spatial_dim_start, Nth_spatial_dim_end]] The bounding boxes edges are aligned with the input image edges. This function returns [0, 0, ...] if there's no positive intensity. Args: select_fn: function to select expected foreground, default is to select values > 0. """ backend = [TransformBackends.TORCH, TransformBackends.NUMPY] def __init__(self, select_fn: Callable = is_positive) -> None: self.select_fn = select_fn def __call__(self, img: NdarrayOrTensor) -> np.ndarray: """ See also: :py:class:`monai.transforms.utils.generate_spatial_bounding_box`. """ bbox = [] for channel in range(img.shape[0]): start_, end_ = generate_spatial_bounding_box(img, select_fn=self.select_fn, channel_indices=channel) bbox.append([i for k in zip(start_, end_) for i in k]) return np.stack(bbox, axis=0)